露天煤矿排土场的复垦研究

露天煤矿的开采对矿区生态环境造成了严重破坏,特别是大量剥离物形成的排土场,占用了大量的土地资源。生态恢复作为一项有效的采矿废弃地治理措施,随着采矿业的发展成为这一领域研究的重点。露天煤矿排土场的复垦对于改善矿区生态环境意义重大。本文介绍了露天矿排土场对环境的影响和排土场复垦治理技术,研究了某露天煤矿排土场的复垦现状、复垦方式与效果,提出了矿区排土场生态恢复的建议。     

新疆哈密地区煤化工产业发展中的环保问题

近年来中国能源、化工产品的需求出现了高速增长,煤化工行业的发展对于缓解中国石油、天然气等优质能源供求矛盾有重要意义,促进钢铁、化工、轻工等其他行业发展,也有重要的作用。在哈密地区的六大矿区内,预测及查明含煤区面积只占矿区总面积的52％左右,规划面积仅占矿区总面积的19％左右。近一半面积的资源未进行勘查,有8成以上面积的资源未列入规划,在哈密地区煤炭资源开发利用有极大的操作空间。煤化工产业是一个高污染、高安全要求的产业,每个生产环节都会产生各种污染物,大多有毒有害但无法回收,稍有不慎还可能造成重大环境安全事故,因此煤化工产业发展必须和环境保护并行。     

煤矸石综合利用途径的有效性分析

煤矸石是我国排放是量最大的工业固体废弃物之一,弃之为害、用之为宝。本文主要论述了煤矸石的综合利用途径的有效性。     

基于景观功能与稳定性的矿区规划环境影响评价研究——以晋中煤炭基地西山矿区为例

应用景观生态学方法,结合煤矿区规划环评的特点,从景观功能与稳定性评价入手,建立了三层次的适用于煤矿区规划评价的指标体系。并以晋中煤矿基地——西山矿区为例,进行矿区规划景观功能与稳定性评价的研究。结果表明,在煤矿区规划开发活动中,应加强采煤沉陷区的治理和恢复,注重水土保持和景观破碎化的改善,以减少规划对景观功能和稳定性的破坏。运用本次确定的评价体系进行定量计算的结果与常规的景观定性分析结论基本一致,但该指标体系还需要从区域生态承载力人均化、加强污染物变化情况远期预测和细化地表沉陷引起土地面积损失几个方面加以改进和完善。     

不同底物驯化氧化亚铁硫杆菌的差异及对煤炭生物脱硫效率的影响

分别以FeS2和FeSO4为底物培养驯化嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)LX5,结果发现以FeS2为底物驯化A.ferrooxidans LX5,在培养20 d时,培养液中LX5的菌体数量达3.0×107个/mL,对FeS2中亚铁及还原性硫的氧化能力均较强.A.fer...     

用于湿法净化黑烟表面活性剂筛选的数学模型研究

湿法净化燃煤窑炉中的黑烟,关键在于表面活性剂对炭黑的润湿、增溶和降低表面张力作用.根据研究筛选的数学模型,计算AEO-9和SDBS混合表面活性剂溶液的亲水亲油平衡值HLB、临界胶束浓度CMC与胶束形成吉布斯自由能ΔG0mf.通过实验测得不同配比AEO-9和SDBS溶液的CMC和处于该CMC时黑烟的去除效率η,分析混合溶液中HLB、CMC、ΔG0mf与η的关系,建立新的数学模型.结果表明,理论CMC与实测CMC吻合度较好;HLB与ln[CMC]线性相关;ΔG0mf与η存在二次函数关系.降低CMC可以有效增大HLB,增加溶解度,减小形成胶束的吉布斯自由能,降低表面张力,使形成胶束的反应更容易自发进行,有效提高黑烟去除效率.     

关于“二手烟”污染危害性的探讨

烟草危害是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一。目前全球共有11亿吸烟者,烟草每年造成的死亡估计为1000万人,每10秒就有一人死于“香烟”危害。如何减轻“二手烟”危害,关系着烟民的自身健康及社会环境的可持续健康发展。“二手烟”实际上由两种烟雾构成：一种是吸烟者呼出的烟雾称为主流烟;另一种是香烟燃烧时所产生的烟雾称为分流烟。吸“二手烟”比原先外界所知道的还要危险一些,与吸烟者共同生活的女性患肺癌的几率比常人多出6倍。为了孩子们的成长、为了那些素不相识的不吸烟者健康、更为了吸烟者自已,我们奉劝吸烟者要少抽或不抽香烟。     

卟啉作为人体早期砷暴露生物标志的研究

采用氢化物发生原子吸收分析了贵州省燃煤污染型砷中毒区和非砷中毒区（对照）居民尿样中砷浓度,采用高效液相色谱法分析了卟啉浓度,考察了燃煤污染造成的人体砷暴露与尿液中卟啉排泄改变的关系,寻求慢性砷中毒早期健康效应的生物标志物.结果显示,与对照组相比,砷暴露组尿卟啉Ⅲ（uroporphyrin-Ⅲ）和粪卟啉Ⅲ（coproporphyrin-Ⅲ）显著增高（P＜0.01,P＜0.01）,粪卟啉Ⅰ（coproporphyrin-Ⅰ）比对照组增高,但不显著;不同性别组间比较,对照组和暴露组的中龄（20～40岁）群体尿液中,尿卟啉Ⅲ的浓度在男性和女性群体之间呈显著性的差异（P<0.01）,其它年龄组中,这一指标在不同性别群体之间未见显著性差异;不同年龄分层比较,低龄组（＜20岁）尿卟啉Ⅲ和粪卟啉Ⅲ比对照显著增高（P＜0.01,P＜0.01）,中龄组（20～40岁）和高龄组（＞40岁）粪卟啉Ⅲ比对照显著增高（P＜0.05,P＜0.05）;此外,砷暴露组尿液中砷与总粪卟啉和总卟啉呈正相关（r=0.623,r=0.549）.结果表明,人体砷暴露会导致尿液中卟啉排泄的改变,提示卟啉有可能作为慢性砷中毒早期健康效应的生物标志.     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600℃. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600°C. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.